Short answer: Very little. CPD (continuing professional development) is the usual term in the UK, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand. CPE (continuing professional education) is common in North America, especially in accountancy and pharmacy. Some professions also say CE (continuing education) or CME (continuing medical education). All describe the learning professionals do to stay competent and keep their registration.
Is there any real difference?
Sometimes in emphasis. "Education" suggests courses and credits, which is why CPE schemes are often measured in hours. "Development" is broader: it includes informal learning, reflection and changes in practice. That's why many UK schemes, especially in health and care, judge what you learned and changed rather than counting hours.
Which applies to me?
Whichever your regulator or professional body uses. The words matter less than the rules: how much, how often, how it's recorded, and how it's checked. Our requirements pages set out those rules profession by profession.